REFERENCE

Ø What is carbon footprint ? http://www.carbonfootprint.com/carbonfootprint.html(Retrieved on 28 october 2011)

Ø Effects of carbon footprint http://www.livestrong.com/article/155968-effects-of-carbon-footprint (Retrieved on 28 october 2011)

Ø Green Computing-definition- what does green computing mean? http://www.techopedia.com/definition/14753/green-computing (retrieved 28 on october 2011)

Ø History of green computing its uses and necessity and the future http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/articles/62742.aspx#ixzz1c8PmRsFc (retrieved on 31 october 2011)

Ø What is the latest trend about green computing?http://www.terrabytesconsulting.com/blog/gartners-top-10-trends-green-computing-big (retrieved on 31 october 2011)

Ø What are the advantages of green computing? http://green.answers.wikia.com/wiki/What_are_the_advantages_of_green_computing (retrieved on 31 october 2011)

Ø What are ethical issues in green computing ? http://green-compute.com/green_computing.htm (retrieved on 29 october 2011)

Ø What are organization involved in green computing? http://www.businesspundit.com/25-big-companies-that-are-going-green/ (retrieved on 29 october 2011)

3.0 CONCLUSION

Ø Green Computing is extremely popular. It is not only seen as an organizational responsibility but is also the responsibility that must be undertaken by all computer users. Home computer owners must also resort to green computing practices to make the environment more sustainable.

Ø Equipment that does not conform to the concepts of green computing mentioned here may not be green at all. To be green, computing devices must have a minimal impact on the environment throughout their life cycle. For example, it is hard to consider power-efficient devices manufactured using environmentally destructive processes to be green indeed. It is, therefore, the responsibility of businesses and consumers to purchase and use equipment that adheres to as many green concepts as possible.

Ø Overall effects of green computing benefits, practical, and using all positive. All great not only individuals, but also around the world. By going "green" technology, we will help promote a cleaner environment and environmentally friendly, with our own benefit by reducing costs, energy conservation, reduce waste and greenhouse gases. Green computing has certainly come a long way, but with so many new innovations come together in terms of protecting the environment, it is safe to say that green computing is a great development.

2.9 AN EFFECTIVE INITIATIVE TO ENERGY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

For many years now, responsible environmentalism and energy

Conservationism were not normally associated with computer systems

and technology. But with “going green” currently advocated, there are

various ways of practicing Green computing with technology, which are

as follows.

1. Maintaining easily managed network systems can save a lot of

time and resources. Apparently, an organized network system reduces

network maintenance server requirements hence saving use of resources,

such as electricity, hardware, and other more.

2. Cutting down on paper, electricity, hardware, and toner. Colour

settings of printers should constantly be checked. By calibrating printer

settings, an individual can eventually save substantial amount of money

while producing high-quality printed documents. A floor lamp with an

energy efficient bulb is preferable than overhead ones, saves time and

energy, and non-stressing to the eyes.

3. Virtualizing the actual work setting offers the employees the

capability to work from the comforts of their home without

compromising productivity. Such work set-up allows employees to even

save money from daily use of gasoline and exposure to various

pollutions.

4. Preferring a remote, electronic management system. This system

provides a more efficient printing resolution enabling favourable

productivity thus, ensuring both customer and employee contentment.

5. Monitoring and regulating staff Internet access and use. Content

filter solutions prove to be effective tools in reducing and/or eliminating

potential Internet problems. Doing these help increase staff efficiency

and productivity while achieving a safe Internet environment for every

employee.

6. Using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) can save substantial time

and money among employees since the service is either free or low cost.

In conclusion, the process of organizations “going green” does not only

concern computers and technology, but also involves responsible

conservation and management of energy and resources.

2.8 ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR GREEN COMPUTING

Companies are learning lessons from best practices organizations that

have taken the green initiative to save energy and at the same time be

environmental conscious. There is a way to reduce the amount of energy

used and this doesn’t have to be bad news for companies.

How is this done?

They did this by changing the normal way of conducting their organization information systems.

First, they did small things. One of them is to change their networking equipment and other devices that provide the same functions but can be controlled in terms of power usage. This has been proven effective in saving operating costs for servers and other devices. Second, it was found out that majority of the energy consumed is not used by the actual devices. A big percentage of the energy is used for cooling devices. The companies were able to make some changes by cutting down the number of servers and devices used.

Other changes in the organization information systems were done such as consolidation. This initiative means that consolidation is made in the data centre. Deploying support mission-critical applications does this. In effect, consolidation would mean fewer servers, which means less power consumption and heat generation. However, other companies who are planning to have changes in their organization information systems must do a balancing act. Fewer servers don’t mean less operational efficiency. To be able to cut down on the servers and still maintain the usual workload, there is a need to deploy more application delivery controllers. Companies who are planning to initiate green computing in their organization information systems can learn from these pioneer companies.

2.6 COMPANY THAT INVOLVED IN GREEN COMPUTING

Figure 2.61

Facebook

Using Facebook to Plug in the Power of Energy Efficiency

• Compare Energy Use to Similar Homes: People will be able to benchmark their home energy use against a national database of millions of homes. All benchmarking will be done on an aggregate level, ensuring complete data privacy.

• Compare Energy Use Among Friends: People will be able to invite friends to compare their energy use against their own, show how energy-efficient they are, and share tips on how to improve.

• Publish Conversations About Energy to the Facebook Newsfeed: People will be able to share information about their energy use, rank, group participation, and tips they’ve completed.

• Group Development – Cooperation and Competition: Communities of people will be able to form teams to help each other achieve collective goals, as well as compete against other groups. Teams will be rewarded and incentivized by their utility or other network partners.

• Automatically Import Energy Data: Customers of participating utilities will be able to import their energy data into the application automatically. (Customers from utilities that are not participating will also have the option to input their energy usage into the app manually.)

figure 2.62

The big project IBM which are manage and measure the seize control with energy management software, plan and build and upgrade to efficient data center ,implement virtualization and other innovative and use innovative cooling solutions

figure 2.63

Another computing company staking its claim to greener pastures is Hewlett Packard. The company has gotten out in front of the computer disposal issue by owning and operating enormous “e-waste” recycling plants that shred discarded, obsolete computer products into raw materials that can be recycled into the industrial food chain. HP has also agreed to take back computer equipment of all brands, and taken steps to ensure that its own products are 100% recyclable in the manner discussed above. Furthermore, the company has promised to lower its energy consumption a full 20% by the year 2010.

figure 2.64

Energy star an international standard for energy-efficient electronic equipment that was created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and has now been adopted by several other countries. Energy Star reduces the amount of energy consumed by a product by automatically switching it into “sleep” mode when not in use or reducing the amount of power used by a product when in “standby” mode. Surprisingly, standby “leaking,” the electricity consumed by appliances when they are switched off, can represent as much as 12 percent of a typical household’s electricity consumption. In Australia, standby power is a primary factor for the country’s increased greenhouse gas emissions — more than 5 megatons (CO2 equivalent) annually.

figure 2.65

Energyware provides efficient computing solutions, which reduce cost and increase the value of enterprise IT infrastructure. Our green computing products bring proven supercomputing technology to commercial customers who demand high performance and efficiency. EnergyWare solutions reduce carbon emissions, increase reliability and significantly lower operational cost while maintaining the performance of enterprise data centers.

2.5 DISADVANTAGES OF GREEN COMPUTING

This green computing is too expensive, experiencing a higher net spend on staff as well as with higher support costs. Energy consumption of distributed IT environments is difficult to audit, but some have also noted a progressive increase in power consumption with the move from centralized to decentralized, then to distributed architecture, and finally to mobility-based computing.

increase in computing power and server numbers for a given floor area multiplies cooling problems, since air is an inefficient media for cooling computers and empty space alone

is insufficient to give adequate cooling. Air conditioning and other cooling techniques are required to keep temperatures in check. A typical 1980s server could be cooled quite easily, but

though a modern server takes up much less floor space, it is more difficult to cool, and requires more space around it. Though it will require less power per unit of computing power, its overall energy requirement will be considerably higher, and the need for improved cooling will further increase energy requirements and environmental impact.

2.4 ADVANTAGES OF GREEN COMPUTING

Figure 2.4

Ø Reduced energy usage from green computing techniques translates into lower carbon dioxide emissions, stemming from a reduction in the fossil fuel used in power plants and transportation.

Ø Conserving resources means less energy is required to produce, use, and dispose of products.

Ø saving energy and resources saves money.

Ø Green computing even includes changing government policy to encourage recycling and lowering energy use by individuals and businesses.

Ø Reduce the risk existing in the laptops such as chemical known to cause cancer, nerve damage and immune reactions in humans.